Risk reduction of cognitive decline and dementia: WHO guidelines: web annex D: evidence profile and evidence-to-decision table for management of obesity
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World Health Organization
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iv, 41 p.
This Web Annex D accompanies the second edition of the WHO guidelines on risk reduction of cognitive decline and dementia and presents the evidence profiles and evidence-to-decision framework supporting recommendations on the management of obesity for dementia risk reduction. It evaluates whether weight reduction interventions are more effective than usual care or no intervention in reducing the risk of cognitive decline and dementia among adults with normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment who are overweight or obese. The annex focuses on systematic review evidence for dietary restriction interventions, including calorie restriction and intermittent fasting, while also identifying important evidence gaps for other weight management strategies and long-term cognitive outcomes. The publication describes the systematic review methodology, including PICO questions, literature searches, eligibility criteria, study selection, risk-of-bias assessment and GRADE evaluation of the certainty of evidence. It summarizes evidence from randomized controlled trials on cognitive outcomes, presents GRADE evidence profiles, narrative summaries and evidence-to-decision tables, and highlights limitations and research priorities, including the lack of direct evidence on incident dementia, mild cognitive impairment and pharmacological obesity treatments. Developed in accordance with the WHO Handbook for Guideline Development, this annex provides the transparent evidence base underpinning the corresponding WHO guideline recommendations and supports their interpretation, implementation and evidence-informed policy-making, programme development and clinical practice for dementia risk reduction.
This Web Annex D accompanies the second edition of the WHO guidelines on risk reduction of cognitive decline and dementia and presents the evidence profiles and evidence-to-decision framework supporting recommendations on the management of obesity for dementia risk reduction. It evaluates whether weight reduction interventions are more effective than usual care or no intervention in reducing the risk of cognitive decline and dementia among adults with normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment who are overweight or obese. The annex focuses on systematic review evidence for dietary restriction interventions, including calorie restriction and intermittent fasting, while also identifying important evidence gaps for other weight management strategies and long-term cognitive outcomes. The publication describes the systematic review methodology, including PICO questions, literature searches, eligibility criteria, study selection, risk-of-bias assessment and GRADE evaluation of the certainty of evidence. It summarizes evidence from randomized controlled trials on cognitive outcomes, presents GRADE evidence profiles, narrative summaries and evidence-to-decision tables, and highlights limitations and research priorities, including the lack of direct evidence on incident dementia, mild cognitive impairment and pharmacological obesity treatments. Developed in accordance with the WHO Handbook for Guideline Development, this annex provides the transparent evidence base underpinning the corresponding WHO guideline recommendations and supports their interpretation, implementation and evidence-informed policy-making, programme development and clinical practice for dementia risk reduction.