Regulation of the Germinal Center Response.

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dc.creatorStebegg, Marisa
dc.creatorKumar, Saumya D
dc.creatorSilva-Cayetano, Alyssa
dc.creatorFonseca, Valter R
dc.creatorLinterman, Michelle A
dc.creatorGraca, Luis
dc.date2019-06-24T23:31:45Z
dc.date2019-06-24T23:31:45Z
dc.date2018
dc.date.accessioned2026-08-03T01:27:55Z
dc.descriptionThe germinal center (GC) is a specialized microstructure that forms in secondary lymphoid tissues, producing long-lived antibody secreting plasma cells and memory B cells, which can provide protection against reinfection. Within the GC, B cells undergo somatic mutation of the genes encoding their B cell receptors which, following successful selection, can lead to the emergence of B cell clones that bind antigen with high affinity. However, this mutation process can also be dangerous, as it can create autoreactive clones that can cause autoimmunity. Because of this, regulation of GC reactions is critical to ensure high affinity antibody production and to enforce self-tolerance by avoiding emergence of autoreactive B cell clones. A productive GC response requires the collaboration of multiple cell types. The stromal cell network orchestrates GC cell dynamics by controlling antigen delivery and cell trafficking. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells provide specialized help to GC B cells through cognate T-B cell interactions while Foxp3+ T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells are key mediators of GC regulation. However, regulation of GC responses is not a simple outcome of Tfh/Tfr balance, but also involves the contribution of other cell types to modulate the GC microenvironment and to avoid autoimmunity. Thus, the regulation of the GC is complex, and occurs at multiple levels. In this review we outline recent developments in the biology of cell subsets involved in the regulation of GC reactions, in both secondary lymphoid tissues, and Peyer's patches (PPs). We discuss the mechanisms which enable the generation of potent protective humoral immunity whilst GC-derived autoimmunity is avoided.
dc.formatElectronic-eCollection
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.identifier1664-3224
dc.identifierhttps://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293956
dc.identifier10.17863/CAM.41064
dc.identifier1664-3224
dc.identifier.urihttps://repo.dare.co.zw/handle/123456789/154311
dc.languageeng
dc.languageeng
dc.publisherFrontiers
dc.publisherhttps://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02469
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International
dc.rightshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectTfh cell
dc.subjectTfr cell
dc.subjectgerminal center (GC)
dc.subjecthumoral responses
dc.subjectimmuneregulation
dc.subjectAnimals
dc.subjectAutoimmunity
dc.subjectB-Lymphocytes
dc.subjectCell Differentiation
dc.subjectCellular Microenvironment
dc.subjectClonal Selection, Antigen-Mediated
dc.subjectGerminal Center
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectImmunity, Humoral
dc.subjectLymphocyte Subsets
dc.subjectSelf Tolerance
dc.subjectT-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer
dc.titleRegulation of the Germinal Center Response.
dc.typeArticle

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