Global market landscape of vaccine manufacturing and procurement
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World Health Organization
Abstract
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ix, 29 p.
Global disparities in vaccine manufacturing capacity and procurement patterns continue to shape equitable access to immunization and preparedness for future health emergencies. This WHO analytical report examines the current global landscape of vaccine production and procurement using data from 204 countries and 98 manufacturers across multiple production stages, including drug substance production, formulation, filling and packaging. The publication analyses regional procurement trends, manufacturing interdependencies, technology platforms and supplier concentration, while assessing how these factors influence vaccine security, market resilience and pandemic preparedness. It also aims to support strategic decision-making by governments, manufacturers and international organizations involved in vaccine policy, procurement and regional manufacturing initiatives. The report identifies substantial regional variation in manufacturing capacity and self-reliance, with many low- and middle-income countries remaining dependent on external suppliers and pooled procurement mechanisms. It highlights the concentration of production among a limited number of manufacturers and the dominance of traditional vaccine technologies, while noting that innovative platforms such as mRNA remain concentrated in Europe and the United States. Through regional comparisons and vaccine-specific case studies, the analysis examines vulnerabilities related to supply disruptions, raw material dependencies and limited diversification of suppliers, emphasizing that domestic or regional production alone does not guarantee supply security during health emergencies. The publication also discusses strategic considerations for expanding sustainable regional manufacturing ecosystems, including investments in research and development, regulatory strengthening, workforce capacity and regional coordination mechanisms to improve equitable vaccine access worldwide.
Global disparities in vaccine manufacturing capacity and procurement patterns continue to shape equitable access to immunization and preparedness for future health emergencies. This WHO analytical report examines the current global landscape of vaccine production and procurement using data from 204 countries and 98 manufacturers across multiple production stages, including drug substance production, formulation, filling and packaging. The publication analyses regional procurement trends, manufacturing interdependencies, technology platforms and supplier concentration, while assessing how these factors influence vaccine security, market resilience and pandemic preparedness. It also aims to support strategic decision-making by governments, manufacturers and international organizations involved in vaccine policy, procurement and regional manufacturing initiatives. The report identifies substantial regional variation in manufacturing capacity and self-reliance, with many low- and middle-income countries remaining dependent on external suppliers and pooled procurement mechanisms. It highlights the concentration of production among a limited number of manufacturers and the dominance of traditional vaccine technologies, while noting that innovative platforms such as mRNA remain concentrated in Europe and the United States. Through regional comparisons and vaccine-specific case studies, the analysis examines vulnerabilities related to supply disruptions, raw material dependencies and limited diversification of suppliers, emphasizing that domestic or regional production alone does not guarantee supply security during health emergencies. The publication also discusses strategic considerations for expanding sustainable regional manufacturing ecosystems, including investments in research and development, regulatory strengthening, workforce capacity and regional coordination mechanisms to improve equitable vaccine access worldwide.
Keywords
Vaccines, Manufacturing Industry, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Drug Industry, Purchasing, Hospital, Health Services Accessibility, Global Health, World Health Organization, Health Policy, Public-Private Sector Partnerships, Investments, Capacity Building, Technology Transfer, Pandemics, Emergencies, Pandemic Preparedness, Biotechnology, Regional Health Planning, Sustainable Development, supply and distribution, economics, statistics and numerical data, organization and administration, prevention and control